Improvement in pavements



s'.1.nAvENPonT &1. wAnn.

Pavements.

No. 143,965. Patentedocg, 28,1873.

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SAMUEL J. DAVENPORT AND JOHN VARD, OF ALBANY, NEWT YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN PAVEMENTS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 143,965, dated October 25,1373; application filed November 23, 1872.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that we, SAMUEL J. DAvENronT and JOHN WARD, of the city and count)T of Albany, State of New York, have invented certa-in new and useful Improvements in Stone `and Concrete Pavements 5 and we do hereby declare that p the following `is a `description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this speciiication, in which- Figure 1 represents a perspective'view of a section ofthepavcmentembodyingthe improvements in this invention and illustrating the several stages of progress of the same. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the same. Fig.-3 is a plan of the same illustrated in a section of t-he pavement.

Our invention relates to a stone and concrete pavement; and consists in the combination of a coarse concrete bed, formed of coal-tar and coarse gravel with a hard rammed or pressed earth bed, stones, and interstices of coarse concrete, insuch a manner that the concrete bed will serve as an elastic cushion between the stones and the earth, and the concrete interstices will unite with the said concrete bed and with the stones, so as to be capable of preventving the water getting between the same, and

the whole mass will become as one piece, possessing, to a degree, an elastic nature, which will render the pavement easier to the feet of animals, and, also, will greatly tend to deaden the sound of vehicles. lt further consists in the combination of a thin layer of fine concrete, made of distilled coal-tar and iine gravel with stones embedded in an elastic bed of coarse concrete, and their interstices filled with concrete, in such a manner that the top surf'ace of the pavement will be made comparativelysmooth and even, while the stones will be just covered and rendered capable of taking the wear of travel, leaving the surface concrete to shed the water and render the foothold of the animals firm and not liable to slip, while the whole mass will become as one body.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use our invention, we will proceed to describe it iu reference to the drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, the same letters indicating like parts.

' In the drawings, A represents the properlygraded street bed, on which the pavement is laid, the surface sand or earth of which we rain or roll very hard and even. le then lay on the said hard rammed or rolled bed a second bed, B, which we denominate the elastic concrete cushion, which consists of alayer of coarse concrete made of coal-tar, and coarse gra-vel. well mixed up together and of a stiff consistency. 'The said bed of concrete is laidV about six inches, more or less, in an even manner over the whole earth bed A, as shown. On

the said concrete bed or cushion are laid the stones C C, which may be either the common Cobble-stones, as shown in Figs. 1,2, and 3, or what are termed the Belgian stone, or any other suitable stones used for paving. The said stones are properly set in the concrete layer B and rammed down so asto sink, it' cobble-stones, about from one and one-half to two inches into the said concrete bed, as shown in Figs. l and 2. If lBelgian stones are used they are also rammed, so as to be firmly set into the concrete, though by the, nature of their surface they cannot be made to sink like the Vcobble-stones into the said bed. Vhen the .stones C have been properly set and rammed,

as shown in the section 1 in Fig. l, we fill the interstices a a between the stones with the same coarse concrete composing the bed B, as shown by section 2 in Fig. 1, and also in Figs. 2 and 3. The concrete is to be put in hot or cold, according to the weather or the season, and well rammed, so as to completely fill the interstices and make the said llings solid.

The said concrete interstices are not, with cobble-stones, made to ll up to the apex of the same, but tov a little distance from Aa line with the same, as in section 2, Fig. l, and in Fig. 3. After the pavement has been brought to this stage in its progress, we slush the whole surface ofthe pavement with coal-tar, applied either hot or cold, according to the weather and season, in such a manner that the projecting surface of the stones, and also the concrete interstice fillings will be completely covered over. The coaltar acts as a binding cement to cause the top dressing D to adhere firmly to the stones and concrete filling, and thus overcome the liability of the top dressing to scale off, and, when the pavement is iinished, causes it to be as if it were one homogeneous mass, in which each part is made to cling and hold to the other. 'We then make a fine concrete of chemical (distilled) tar and fine gravel or coarse sand, or both, which is applied to the top surface of the pavement, either hot or cold, according to the season or Weather, in an even and uniform manner, so as to just cover over the tops of the stones, as left in section 2 in Fig. 1, after the interstices have been lled, so as to make a level surface, as shown by section 3 in Fig. l, and in Fig. 2. After the surface has been thus slushed or filled With the said layer of ine concrete it is rolled down with heavy rollers and permitted to set and dry or season.

This pavement by the improvements has the superior advantages over other pavements made with stone and concrete, because of the elastic concrete cushion B interposed between stones and the sand below, which not only prevents the Water getting beneath the stones to effect the sand bed A, but gives to the pavement an elastic support which prevents the usual jar and noise usually attending stone pavement, and also renders the pavement easier to the animals feet, by the intcrstices being filled no Water can get between the stones to effect the setting` of the same, and by the top dressing of the fine concrete the top surface is made firm for the animals foothold, While the tops of the stones are rendered capable of receiving all the Wear of the pavement.

The pavement thus made forms a firm mass having an elastic bottom With a substantial Wearing upper portion having a surface Which Will be at once durable and easy for travel.

Having described our invention, what We claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

1. In a pavement, the combination of the upper iine concrete dressingD and coarse concrete interstices a, With the stones C, elastic concrete bed B, and packed earth bed A, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a concrete stone pavement having the interstices of the stones lled With concrete, and a top dressing, D, the slushing of the top surface of the pavement immediately after the filling of the interstices and before the appli cation of said top dressing with coal-tar, applied either cold or hot, as described, for the purpose sct forth.

SAMUEL J. DAVENPORT. JOHN WARD. Titnesses ALEX. SELKIR-K, Guo. A.. THoMrsoN. 

